含有非谓语的英文歌(非谓语性动词是怎么回事怎么使用)

本文目录
- 非谓语性动词是怎么回事怎么使用
- 非谓语句子
- 非谓语动词的使用
- 非谓语翻译方法
- 英语非谓语动词有哪些形式
- 英语非谓语的资料
- 急求一首含有大量非谓语动词做宾补的英文歌,谢谢大佬们
- 高中英语非谓语知识点
- 英语含有非谓语的句子并且标明非谓语是哪一个和他在这个句子当中有什么作用
- 利用英文歌曲讲非谓语
非谓语性动词是怎么回事怎么使用
在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:
二、非谓语动词用法:
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如:
I’m glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn’t go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
(5)作定语:
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作状语:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.
right:To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果:
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It’s too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
(7)作独立成分:
To tell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked.
(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to.
(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
(二)动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式:
否定式:not + 动名词
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It’s no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:
In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:
They haven’t finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
(4)作定语:
He can’t walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
(5)作同位语:
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
(三)现在分词:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式:
否定式:not + 现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能:
(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
(3)作宾语补足语:
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
(4)现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
(四)过去分词:
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能:
1.过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)
newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步).
非谓语句子
非谓语句子如下:
非主谓句就是不同时具备主语和谓语,但可以表达一个完整意思的句子。
例如:“下雨了。”“上课了。”“不要那么挑剔”
分析:例句一,“下雨了”,这个句子就没有主语,句子结构由谓语“下”和宾语“雨”构成。
例句二,“上课了”就是由谓语“上”和宾语“课”构成。
例句三:“不要那么挑剔”,这个句子只有谓语。
非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),这就是动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
非谓语短语:
一.含有ing句型:
例如:
1. keep doing 坚持做某事
2. practise doing sth. 练习做某事
3. keep sb. doing 使某人一直做某事
4. enjoy doing 喜欢做某事
二、含有不带to的动词不定式句型:
例如:
1. had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事
2. would you please (not) do sth. 你可以做某事吗?
非谓语动词的使用
非谓语动词
★分词、不定式作宾补用法要点
一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
1.感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式,即原形动词(不带to 的不定式)、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或正在进行,过去分词表被动或完成,动词原形表主动和完成。如:
I heard her sing an English song just now.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。
I heard the English song sung many times.
我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
注意:不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如:
I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (状态)
I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)
2.leave 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中的leave 保留了原来之义“留下”,但表达的确切之义应是“使……处于某种状态)。
leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事(宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行。)
leave sth. undone 留下某事未做(宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系,表示被动和完成,一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 为多)
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做(不定式表示将来的动作。)
如:It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你让机器一直开着是不对的。(主动,正在进行)
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.
客人们没有动大部分菜,因为它们尝起来不可口。(被动,完成)
He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.
他走了,留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。(主动,将来)
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议,留下了很多问题等待解决。(被动,将来)
3.have, get 后接三种形式作宾补时,其中have, get 表示“使、让、叫”之意。
① have sth. done = get sth. done “使/让某事由别人去做”(叫/让某人做某事)。如
I’ll have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.
此外,have sth. done 还表示“使遭受……”之意。如
Tom had his leg broken while playing football.
Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
② have sb. / sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事(现在分词表示主动,正在进行)
get sb. / sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来
如:The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.
农忙时,农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。
The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.
休息了片刻之后,上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起来。
注意:“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中,其中have 有“容忍”之意。如:
I won’t have you speaking to your parents like that.
我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。
Don’t have the water running all the time. 不要让水流个不停。
③ have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/让/叫某人去做某事
如:Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.
I can’t get him to stop smoking. He won’t listen to me.
二、下列动词后跟带to 的不定式作补语:
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如:
① An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots.
② The teacher asked us not to make so much noise.
③ The flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
三、不定式、现在分词作宾补小窍门
下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to 的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:
它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——5看(look at, see, watch, notice, observe);3使(make, let, have);2听(listen to, hear);1感觉(fell)。以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语(5+3+2+1-2+4):即以上动词除let, make 外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
如:At that time, I found him crying in the street.
He was caught stealing. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
★不定式、分词作定语用法要点
一、不定式作定语
1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。如:
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
Here is some paper for you to write on.
但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。如:He had no money and no place to live (in).
We found a way to solve this problem (in).
2.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同。试比较:
Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send 的动作执行者是“你”)
Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?
(不定式to be sent 的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
3.用不定式作定语的几种情况:
不定式表将来:
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词。如:
He was the best man to do the job.
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.
用来修饰的词是抽象名词时,常见的有:ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time 等。如:
Do you have the ability to read and write English ?
I have a chance to go sight –seeing.
二、分词作定语
1.作定语的及物动词分词形式为:V –ing; being + 过去分词;当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时,用V –ing;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being + 过去分词;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。例如:
The houses being built are for the teachers.
The broken glass is Tom’s.
I have never seen a more moving movie.
2.作定语的不及物动词分词形式为:V –ing 和过去分词。V –ing 表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。如:
falling leaves 正落的叶子 fallen leaves 落下的叶子
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 沸腾过的水(白开水)
三、不定式、过去分词和现在分词被动式作定语的区别
这三种形式作定语,主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,或是没有一定的时间性。如:
Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?
He is a man loved and respected by all.
Don’t use words, expression_r_rs, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge.
现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。如:Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students.
不定式的被动式作定语时,表示一个未来的动作。
如:The question to be discussed at the tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.
★不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点
一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下列小诗:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help
此外,afford, strive(斗争) 等也要用不定式作宾语。例如:
① She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
② We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
③ In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving to make their products more competitive.
二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语,请牢记下列小诗:
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成停欣赏,不禁介意准逃亡。
consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk
此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。
① The squirrels was lucky that they just missed being caught.
② I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
③ I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意。
1. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事
remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事
regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情
try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事
mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
go on to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事
2.动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词,如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意:如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。如:
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.
I’d like to go swimming this weekend.
3.在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即:
allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.
allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.
如:We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke.
4.动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外,若动词need 表“需要”,require 表“要求”,want 表“想要”这些意义时,其后须接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即:
need / require / want doing / to be done
need / require / want sb. to do sth.
be worth + n. (表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)
be worth doing be worthy of being done
be worthy of + n. 值得…… be worthy to be done
如:The window needs / requires / wants cleaning.
The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.
窗户需要擦一下。
The place is worth visiting.
The place is worthy of a visit.
The place is worthy of being visited.
The place is worthy to be visited.
那个地方值得一去。
如:① only one of these books is worth reading.
② — What do you think of the book ?
— Oh, excellent, It’s worth reading a second time.
非谓语翻译方法
非谓语的翻译方法如下:
1、现在分词翻译为“正在……的”或“……的”形式,过去分词翻译为“已经……的”形式。例如:She was dancing in the room. (她正在屋子里跳舞。);The book written by him is interesting. (他写的书很有趣。)
2. 不定式翻译为“可以……”、“想要……”、“需要……”等形式。例如:I want to go to the cinema. (我想去看电影。);She needs to buy some milk. (她需要买些牛奶。)
3. 含有“being”的结构一般翻译为“正在被……”、“正被……”等形式。例如:The book is being read by her. (这本书正在被她读。);He is being criticized by his boss. (他正受到老板的批评。)
非谓语在英语语言中的拓展应用
1、过去完成分词 (Past Perfect Participle)由had加上动词过去分词构成,如have done,have eaten等。它通常用来表达过去完成的动作或状态,或者修饰一个名词或代词。例如:He had finished his work by the time I arrived. (我到达时他已经完成了工作。)这里的过去完成分词had finished表示过去完成的动作。
2.假定语气 (Conditional Gerunds)通常使用现在分词的一种特殊形式,称为假定语气分词,如having done, being done等。它通常用来表示一种假象或现实可能并不成立的情况。例如:Having been born in a different country, he would speak Arabic fluently. (如果他出生在一个不同的国家,他会说流利的阿拉伯语。)
英语非谓语动词有哪些形式
非谓语动词的形式
1、动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
2、动名词:Ving,动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
3、现在分词:-ing形式,现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
4、过去分词:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。
三种形式的选择和区分
1、现在分词用来表示现在进行的动作,主动语态
2、过去分词表示已经完成的动作或被做的事,被动语态。
3、动词不定式表示将要发生的动作。
扩展资料:
非谓语动词题的七条经典原则
原则一:用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式;
原则二:用作伴随状语,原则上要用现在分词;
原则三:用作结果状语时,可用-ing或不定式;
原则四:凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词;
原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致;
原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式;
原则七:用于名词后作定语时,原则是:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生;用-ing,表示动作正在进行;用过去分词,表示动作已经发生,同时表示被动意义。
非谓语动词与谓语动词不同点
非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。
英语非谓语的资料
第一部分: 非谓语动词用法详解
一、不定式的用法
1. 不定式的构成
不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。
不定式一般有时式和语态的变化,通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例):
主动式 被动式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing /
完成进行式 to have been doing /
1) 不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。如:
They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。
He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。
2) 不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语,有时也可作主语、定语等。如:
She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。
I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do.
我本来想告诉你这件事的,但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.
对我来说,在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。
3) 不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如:
It’s nice of you to be helping us these days. 你真好,这些天一直帮我们。
He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 他假装在认真地听老师讲课。
We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. 我们没料到你一直在这儿等我们。
4) 不定式的完成进行式
如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作,就需要用完成进行式。如:
They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years. 据说他们已经在西藏工作20年了。
We are happy to have been helping each other these days. 我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。
5) 动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如:
Try not to be late again next time. 尽量下次不要再迟到。
He wished us never to meet her again. 他希望我们永远不要再见到她。
6) 疑问词+动词不定式:
不定式和疑问词whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用。
注意: why与不带to的不定式连用,其它的词应与带to的不定式连用。
How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. (SBⅢ P32)
I’m not sure whether to go to the one about accidents. (SBⅢ P1)
On hearing the news, he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
听到这个消息,他不知道该哭还是该笑。
When to hold the meeting has not decided. 什么时候开会还没有决定。
The most important problem is how to get so much money.
最重要的事情是如何搞到这么多钱。
Why do that? = Why did you do that? 你为什么要那么做?
Why not do it yourself? = Why don’t you do it yourself? 你为什么不自己做呢?
介词后一般不直接接不定式,但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。如:
Mary gave some advice on how to learn English. 玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。
I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道该怎么做。
7) 不定式的被动式:
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式,to be +过去分词和to have been +过去分词。这些形式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。如:
It’s a good thing for him to have been scolded by the teacher.
对他来说,被老师责备是一件好事。
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他要求被派往农村工作。
She was the last person to have been mentioned at the meeting.
她是会上最后一个被提到的人。
I had to shout to be heard. 我不得不大喊才能被听到。
We don’t like our friends to be laughed at from time to time.
我们不喜欢我们的朋友不时地被嘲笑。
2. 不定式的语法作用
1) 不定式作主语:
To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. 百闻不如一见。
To master a foreign language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事。
在很多情况下,人们通常用it作为形式上的主语,而把不定式短语移到谓语之后,使句子显得平稳一些。如:
It’s good manners to wait in line. 排队等候是很有礼貌的。
It made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that.
听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。
2) 不定式作表语:
The most important thing is to put theory into practice.
最重要的事情是把理论付诸实践。
The greatest happiness is to work for the happiness of all.
最大的幸福就是为大家的幸福而工作。
3) 不定式作宾语:
He wanted to know the truth. 他想知道真相。
I prefer to be starved to death rather than beg. 我宁愿被饿死也不愿乞讨。
He pretended to have read the book when I asked him about it.
我问到他的时候,他假装读过这本书。
另外,不定式在某些复合宾语中作宾语时,人们常常用it代表不定式,而将真实宾语放在补足语之后。如:
Do you think it better to translate it in this way? 你认为这样翻译是不是更好?
I feel it a great honor to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.
我觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。
4) 不定式作补语:
①不定式可以和名词或代词一起构成复合结构作动词的宾语,这时不定式被称为宾语补足语。如:
I would like you to help me with my English exercises. 我想请你帮我做英语练习。
I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon. 我从来没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。
注意:动词help后面接不定式作宾语或宾语补足语可以带to也可以不带to。如:
Who can help me (to) carry this heavy box? 谁能帮我拎这个重箱子?
②在make, let, have等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中,动词不定式不带to。
I often hear her sing in the next room. 我经常听到她在隔壁唱歌。
They make the baby go to bed at 7:00 p.m. every day.
他们每天让孩子晚上7:00上床睡觉。
注意:get, leave等词也有“让”“叫”的意思,和使役动词意思相近,但它们后面的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有to。如:
I’ll get him to try it again. 我将让他再试一次。
How could you leave him to have supper with a stranger?
你怎么让他跟一个陌生人一起吃晚饭?
注意:当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时,不定式就成了主语补语,作主语补语的不定式必须加to。如:
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.
尽管他经常弄哭他的小妹妹,但今天他却被他的小妹妹弄哭了。
He is often heard to sing the song. 经常有人听到他唱这首歌。
③think, consider, believe, declare, suppose, find, imagine, know, understand, take, prove, feel等动词后面接的不定式短语作补语多由to be+形容词或名词构成,think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。如:
When he woke up, she found herself (to be ) badly injured.
她醒来的时候,发现自己受了重伤。
I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her.
我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好,很诚实。
含有此类复合宾语的句子变成被动语态时,不定式同样被称之为主语补足语。如:
The young man was considered to have great promise. 这个年轻人被认为大有前途。
The situation was found to be quite encouraging. 形势看来很使人鼓舞。
④以be said, be reported, be known, seem, happen, prove, appear等构成谓语的句子中,动词不定式通常也可看作主语补语。如:
More than 20 people were reported to have been killed in the accident.
据报道,有20多个人死于事故。
I happened to be talking with him when he was hit by a car.
他被汽车撞的时候,我碰巧在和他谈话。
5) 不定式作定语:
不定式在句中作定语通常放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后,以下几种情况常用不定式作定语:
①能带不定式作宾语的动词,其同源名词可以带不定式作定语,常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan, intention, failure, wish, determination等。如:
He hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.
他没有遵守诺言定期给他父母亲写信。
My wish to be a teacher is quite understandable.
我想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。
②常与不定式搭配的形容词,其同源名词一般可以带不定式作定语,常见的有ability, anxiety, eagerness, ambition等。如:
His eagerness to finish his work in time was quite obvious.
他急切地想准时完成工作是很明显的。
We admire his ability to speak a foreign language so well.
我们欣赏他能把一门外语说得这么好。
③序数词、形容词最高级或被only, last, next等词修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。如:
He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.
他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
The next person to attend the meeting is Dr. Baker.
下一个出席会议的人是贝克先生。
④还有一些名词经常带不定式作定语。如:person, man, thing, something, anything, nothing, time, way, reason, chance, courage, opportunity等。如:
We students should have the courage to face any difficulty.
我们学生应该有勇气面对任何困难。
He had no reason to leave his friends and live alone on the island.
他没有理由离开他的朋友独自住到岛上去。
⑤如果不定式和所修饰的名词是动宾关系的话,不定式动词是不及 物动词,则须加适当的介词。如:
I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支笔。
There are enough chairs for the guests to sit on. 有足够的椅子给客人坐。
They have a large house to live in. 他们住在一座大房子里。
I want to buy a pen to write with. 我想买一支笔写字用。
Please give me a knife to cat with. 请给我一把切东西的刀。
There is nothing for you to worry about. 没有什么可让你担心的。
There are many interesting books to choose from, but I don’t know which to borrow. 有很多有趣的书可以挑选,但我不知道该借哪一本。
6) 不定式作状语:
不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。
① 不定式作目的状语,有时也可以用in order (not) to, so as (not) to结构。如:
In order to protect the young plants from the sun, Mother put them in the shade.
为了保护幼苗不被太阳晒坏,妈妈把它们放到了阴凉处。
He got up very early this morning so as not to be late for school again.
今天早上他起身很早以免上学再迟到。
注意:so as (not) to do不可以置于句首。
②不定式作结果状语,常见的结构有too…to, enough…to, so…as to, such…as to, only to…等。如:
The question is too difficult for me to answer. 对我来说,这个问题很难回答。
He said he was clever enough to deal with it by himself.
他说他足够聪明可以独自应付这件事。
Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio? 请你帮我把收音机调低一点好吗?
He woke up only to find himself in hospital. 他醒来发现自己在医院里。
注意:too…to通常表示太……而不……,但在下列句子中没有否定的意思。
She is only too glad to stay at home. 她太想留在家里了。
He is too anxious to know the examination results. 他很急切地想知道考试结果。
③不定式作原因状语,通常用来修饰表示情感、心理状态、性格等的形容词。常见的形容词有:happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever, frightened, shocked, sorry, eager, proud, disappointed, foolish, impatient, unwise, naughty等。如:
They are surprised to learn of his death. 得知他死亡的消息,他们很惊讶。
We are proud to be young people of new China. 成为新中国的青年,我们感到很骄傲。
另外,hard, difficult, easy, fit,comfortable等词也可以接动词不定式。这时候,作句子主语的除了是表示人的词外,还可以是表示物的词。如:
The water is not fit to drink. 这水不适合饮用。
The room is very comfortable to live in. 这个房间住起来很舒服。
注意:后两句中的不定式与句子的主语或宾语之间是动宾关系,此时如果不定式动词是不及物动词,则需要带上适当的介词。
急求一首含有大量非谓语动词做宾补的英文歌,谢谢大佬们
小学期间非谓语动词一般都是to do和doing两种形式(如果还有别的形式,请追问); to do名叫“不定式”,你可以理解成不一定发没发生的事; 其中注意“使(make)让(let)听(hear)看(see)觉(feel),宾补不带to”就是说这几个词后面的to要省略。
高中英语非谓语知识点
非谓语动词就是在 句子 中不能单独作谓语的动词,这样的动词没有人称和数的变化。它包括动词的不定式、V-ing和V-ed三种形式。非谓语动词具有双重性质,它既有动词性质,又有非动词性质。下面我给大家分享一些高中英语非谓语知识,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!
高中英语非谓语知识1
动词不定式
动词不定式(infinitive)是动词的一种非限定形式,即非谓语动词形式,它有两种形式:一种是“to + 动词原形”构成(to- infinitive);另一种是不带to的不定式,即动词原形(bare- infinitive)。所有行为动词都有不定式形式,其否定式是在不定式前加not。动词不定式(或不定式 短语 )没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。
(一)动词不定式的时态和语态
动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式,一般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式。
1、不定式的时态意义
不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的
(1)一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。
They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。(to live 发生在 made plans之后)
(2)进行式表示其动作正在进行,与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。
He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 他假装认真地听我讲。
注意:
不定式的进行式常同may, might, can, could, must, need, ought to, should, will, would 等情态动词连用,表示“可能、应当或想必”正在进行的动作。
You oughtn’t to be talking so much. 你不应该说这么多。
He might be reading a novel at that time. 那时他可能正在读小说。
(3)不定式的完成时表达下列意义:
A. 不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。
(to have kept发生在I am sorry所表示的时间之前)
She is said to have just completed a novel. 据说她刚完成一部小说。
(to have just completed a novel发生在She is said所表示的时间之前)
B.用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等词后,不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have + 过去分词表示动作, to have been表示状态。
I meant to have done the work before Sunday. 我本想星期天前完成这项工作。(没完成)
I was to have been a doctor. 我本打算当个医生。(没当成)
I intended to have come to see you.我本打算来看你的。(但没来)
C.用在seem, appear, thing, consider, believe等后,表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。
I seem to have seen her somewhere before.以前我好像在那见过她。(see在seem之前发生)
He was believed to have been a reporter.都认为他从前干过记者。
D. 在should(would) like 或should(would)have like后用不定式完成式表示没有实现的愿望。
I should like to have gone with her.我多么愿意和她一起去。(但没去)
I would like to have seen her face when she read the letter.我真想见到她读信时的表情。(但没看到)
(4)不定式的完成进行式表示动作在谓语动词之前发生,而且一直进行着。
He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.他很高兴一直跟他叔叔住在一起。
He looked too young to have been publishing books for six years.他看上去很年轻,不像已经出版了6年书的人。
(5) come + 不定式表示一个动作发生的过程
He will come to understand it in the end.他最终会懂得的。
Later he came to be a famous painter.后来他成了著名的画家。
2、动词不定式的被动语态
如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的执行者不定式用主动式;如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式用被动语态。
The doctor recommended the room to be aired. 医生建议让房间透透气。
The sports meeting on the weekend has to be put off. 周末的运动会被迫推迟。
3、意义上被动形式上主动的不定式
(1) 在“there be+主语”中,不定式用作定语修饰名词或代词,并同所修饰的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
There is no time to lose. 一点时间也不能浪费了。
(2)在“名词(代词)+ be easy(difficult, fit等形容词) + 不定式”结构中,有时尽管主语是动作的承受者,不定式在意义上是被动,形式上却是主动,这时可以看成省略了动词逻辑主语for us, for me , for you 等。
The book is difficult to read. 这本书很难读懂。
He is not easy to get on well with. 他不易相处。
(3)如果不定式逻辑主语是不定式动作的执行者,不定式和它修饰的名词虽然在逻辑上有动宾关系,也必须用主动形式,因为逻辑主语同不定式的关系更为直接。
We’ve got plenty to eat.我们有足够的东西吃。(句子主语We在逻辑上是不定式to eat动作的执行者,不定式to eat和它修饰的名词plenty在逻辑上是动宾关系,用主动形式表示被动意义。)
(4)在too… to 和enough to 结构中,不定式可用主动语态表示被动意义。
The box is too heavy to carry.这个箱子太重了搬不动。
(5)blame的不定式作表语时,用主动语态和被动语态表示被动的意义,但含义不同。
You were to blame. (= you are at fault.)这该怪你。
You were to be blamed.(= You are going to be blamed.)你要受到指责。
(6)something, little, what, much, a great deal等作句子主语,表语为to do时,不定式可用主动语态表示被动意义。
A great deal of work remains to do.还有很多工作要做。
What is to do tomorrow? 明天干什么?
高中英语非谓语知识2
动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
1、 不定式作主语
不定式及不定式短语作主语时,为了平衡句子结构,可用it作形式主语,而把真正的不定式后置。
To make a plan first is a good idea. 先制订计划是个好办法。
It is a good idea to make a plan first . 首先制订一个计划是一个好主意。
在下列情况下只宜采用it作形式主语
(1)在疑问句或感叹句中作主语的不定式。
How important it is to master a foreign language!掌握一门外语是多么重要啊!
(2)当句中谓语动词不是be, seem, appear等连系动词时。
It took us 20 minutes to get to the station. 赶到车站花了我们20分钟。
(3)在“it +be + adj. + of + sb. +不定式”结构中。
It’s very nice of you to help me with my work. 帮我的工作,你真是太好了。
2、不定式作表语
(1)主语、表语都是不定式,前者是条件,后者是目的或结果。
To learn a language is to use it. 学语言是为了使用语言。
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 对敌人仁慈就是对人民残酷。
(2)主语是duty, plan, wish, hope, idea, purpose等名词。
His wish was to become a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。
To the doctor ,the most important thing is to save people’s lives. 对医生来说,最重要的事是拯救人们的生命。
(3)表示时态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。
You are to die at 98.你会98岁去世。
Man is to live a better life in the next century.人类在下一世纪会生活的更好。
(4)表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿 、禁止”等。
They are to marry next week.(安排)他们下周结婚。
Nobody is to know.(禁止)不应让任何人知道。
You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.(愿望)要想成功,就必须有耐力,有毅力。
(5)主语是what引导的名词性从句。
What surprised me most is to see him beaten black and blue. 使我吃惊的是看到他被打得遍体鳞伤。
What is important at present is to save lives.目前救人要紧。
3、不定式作宾语
(1)有些及物动词常跟不定式作宾语,如agree, afford, arrange, ask, begin , decide, forget, hope, like , start , want, wish等。也可用来作形容词的宾语,如able, afraid, anxious, careful, content, determined, eager, foolish, free, glad, inclined, likely, pleased, prepared, ready, slow, sure, sorry, willing等。
She wanted to borrow my bike. 她想借我的自行车。
The boys and girls are anxious to learn how to swim. 孩子们渴望学会 游泳 。
(2)不定式作宾语时,句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,与不定式动词的关系是主动关系,但有时不定式和主语却是动宾关系。
English is not difficult to learn.英语不难学。
(3)feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider等动词后如果是不定式作宾语,后面有宾语补足语时,将真正的宾语不定式放在补足语的后面,而将形式宾语it放在补语之前。
He found it hard to learn maths.他发现数学很难学。
I think it our duty to support the elder.我认为赡养老人是我们的义务。
4、不定式作定语
不定式作定语时,需放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。它与所修饰的名词或代词有下列关系:
(1)动宾关系
如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,和所修饰名词搭配的介词不能省略。
Have you got anything to say?你有什么要说的吗?
He had no room to live in.他没房子住。
(2)主谓关系
He is always the first to come and last to leave.他总是第一个来,最后一个走。
The next train to arrive is from Washington.下一列到站的火车是从华盛顿开来的。
(3)同位语关系
The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops. 农民们想出保护庄稼的办法。
He had the wish to be an artist. 他愿意当艺术家。
5、不定式作状语
不定式作状语时,常表示目的、结果、原因、条件等,通常放在它所修饰的动词之后。
(1)表目的
不定式作目的状语时,其动作发生在谓语动词之后,一般放在句子后部。但如要表示强调,也可以位于句首,前面可加in order,不定式作目的状语时其否定必须用in order not +不定式,或so as not +不定式。in order to 引出的不定式可置于句首或句中,so as not+不定式不能放在句首,只能放在句中。
He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。(目的)
To search for gold, many people went to California. 为了寻找金子,许多人去了加利福尼亚。(目的)
I often read China Daily so as to improve my reading. 我常读《中国日报》以提高我的阅读。(目的)
We often listen to English broadcasts to/in order to/so as to get listening training. 我们经常听英语广播,以增强听力训练。
(2)表示结果
A.形容词如right, polite, crazy, generous, good, greedy, kind, selfish, silly, splendid, nice, unselfish, unkind等对人进行表扬或批评,后接不定式表示结果,不定式的逻辑主语也就是句子主语。
He is very polite to show us the way.他很有礼貌给我们指路。
He is silly to say so. 他这么说太傻了。
B. 不定式和only连用,表示未预料到的结果。
He woke up only to find himself famous. 他一觉醒来,竟发现自己成名了。
The thief broke into the house only to find it empty. 小偷闯进屋子,却发现是空的。
C.在so… as to, such …as to, enough to等结构中的不定式皆表示结果。
He is too young to join the army. 他太年轻了,不能参军。
He is so careless as to forget his pen.她太粗心了,以至于把钢笔忘了带。
D.“too …to”表示结果意为:太……而不能……,但有时不含否定意义。
He is too excited to sleep. 他太激动了,不能入睡。(否定)
We are only too pleased to work together with you. 我们同你一起工作,真是太高兴了。(肯定)
You are too ready to find out fault with others. 你太好挑剔别人了。(肯定)
(3)表示原因,其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
She wept to see him in such a terrible state.她看到他这种可怕的样子就哭了。
(4)表示条件
动词不定式有时也可以表示条件,一般置于句首,否定不定式表示条件多置于句尾,这时谓语动词常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。
To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world. 要是听他讲话,你会认为整个世界都是他的。
(5)表明说话人的态度, 在句中作独立成份。
To tell the truth, this all Greek to me.说实话,我对此一窍不通。
To make a long story short, he became bankrupt.简单的说,他破产了。
To be true, we can do it well.当然,我们能做好。
除此之外还有:
to be brief 简而言之、to be exact 精确的说、to be frank with you老实对你说 、to be plain 老实说 、to put it straight直截了当、to bring the story short长话短说、to return to my subject言归正传、to change the subject换一个话题、to use his own words用自己的话说、to make matter worse更糟的是、to give him his due公正地说、strange to say奇怪地说、to say nothing of姑且不讲、to conclude总之、to crown all更好(坏)的是、to be honest直率地说、to start /begin with首先、to do him justice说句公道话、to sum up总之,总而言之等。这些短语大都位于句首,偶尔位于句中或句尾,需要用逗号和其他成份隔开。但表示“更不用说”的几个短语一般要放在句尾,如to say nothing of, not to say, not to mention, not to speak of, let alone, much less, much more 等。
6、不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语
动词believe, consider, declare, find, prove, suppose, feel, think等后面常跟to be 不定式作宾补。有时to be 可以省略。这类不定式改为被动语态后就变成了主语补足语。感官动词如feel, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at 等以及使役动词make, have, let 等在跟不定式作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to。但在转换成被动语态时要加上to。
We believe her (to be) innocent.我们相信她无罪。
He was heard to sing next door.有人听见他在隔壁唱过歌。
She made the boy go to bed early.她让那个男孩早睡觉。
The boy was made to go to bed early.那个男孩被迫早睡觉。
高中英语非谓语知识3
(三)动词不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式由“not+动词不定式”构成。
Tell him not to be late. 告诉他不要迟到。
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. 那位警察告诉那些男孩们不要在街上玩。
(四)动词不定式的复合结构
1、for+名词或代词+不定式
不定式的复合结构由“for+名词或代词+不定式”构成。这个名词或代词形式上是for的宾语,而意义上是不定式的逻辑主语。这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。如:
It is necessary for us to learn from each other. 我们相互学习是必要的。(主语)
I think it a good idea for her to study medicine. 我认为她学医是个好主意。(宾语)
The engine is for you to repair. 这台发动机归你修。(表语)
The lake is a good place for you to swim in. 这湖是你游泳的好地方。(定语)
I spoke slowly for them to make notes. 我讲得很慢以便让他们作笔记。(状语)
2、“It is + 形容词+X +代词(名词)+不定式”句型——用of 还是用for
(1) 如果句中的形容词表示人物特征或品质,常同of搭配构成“It is + 形容词+of+代词(名词)+不定式”句型。如:bold ,brave, careful, careless, considerate, cruel, rude, generous, :right,wrong, kind,nice,good,polite,clever,wise, foolish, silly等。这是一个带有感情色彩的不定式结构, 表示好意时,具有“对……不胜感激”的意思;表示坏的意思时,含有“真是太……,真是……透了”的意思。
It is kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好了。
It was foolish of us to do so.我们这样做真是太傻了。
这一结构均可改为“主语+be+形容词+不定式”但无感情色彩。
You are kind to help.你帮我很好。
We are foolish to do so.我们这样做傻。
(2)表示事物性质的形容词如easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, necessary常同for 搭配,构成“It is + 形容词+for+代词(名词)+不定式”句型。这类形容词同for后的名词或代词关系不密切,没有意义上的主表关系,但与句中的不定式结构关系密切,有意义上的主表关系。
It’s difficult for me to work out the problem.我要算出这道题目太难了。
It’s very important for students to learn English well.对于学生们来说,学好英语是很重要的。
注意:这类形容词easy, convenient, dangerous, difficult, lazy, weak, hard, important, impossible, possible, safe, necessary, troublesome等,一般不能用于“人称代词(it除外)+be+形容词+不定式”结构中。试比较:
It is impossible for me to finish it today.我今天不可能完成这项工作。
不能用I am impossible to finish it today.
Come and see me whenever it is convenient to you.方便的时候来看我。
(五)动词不定式和疑问词连用
(1) 关系词+动词不定式
动词不定式可以和疑问代词:who, what, which 及疑问副词:when, where, how, why等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成份。如:
Who to do the work has not been decided yet. 谁干这项工作尚未决定。(主语)
He showed me how to use a computer. 他向我示范了一下怎样使用计算机。(宾语)
(2)“with + whom/which + 不定式”结构
“with + whom/which + 不定式”结构是一种简洁的表达方式,指人时用whom,指物时用which,这种结构中的with有时可以是by, through, on, from等。这种结构通常用作后置定语。
She had only 15 dollars with which to buy her husband a gift. 她只有15美元,用它来给她丈夫买礼物。
She is a nice woman with whom to work.她是一个很好的工作同伴。
He opened the north window from which(where) to enjoy the distant hill. 他打开北窗,从那里可以欣赏到远处山的景色。
高中英语非谓语知识点相关 文章 :
★ 非谓语动词知识点归纳
★ 高二英语非谓语动词的概念
★ 高二英语非谓语动词复习题
★ 高考英语重点知识点
★ 高考英语复习知识点:动词和动词词组及非谓语动词
★ 高三英语语法知识点归纳
★ 高考英语知识点考点归纳
★ 高考英语语法填空代词知识点与非谓语动词之分词表
★ 高考英语语法知识点
★ 高考英语知识点整理最新
英语含有非谓语的句子并且标明非谓语是哪一个和他在这个句子当中有什么作用
非谓语的作用包括很多,这里举一个简单的例子
The boy wearing a white shirt is my brother
实际的谓语:is
非谓语:wearing
非谓语的作用:作the boy 的后置定语,表明是一个什么样的男孩
利用英文歌曲讲非谓语
A Little Love语法点是非谓语。a little love内容积极向上,语言丰富又相对简单,适合作为学生的课外拓展。而且这首歌的非谓语重复的次数比较多。该歌曲可以放在lead in 的部分,进行语法呈现。
A Little Love冯曦妤首张个人专辑,共27首,由著名音乐人陈光荣监制,收录了Fiona Fung历年的音乐作品,包括近期热播作品《阳光.雨》、《幸运儿》、《火星原居民》及《遥远的》等10首单曲、demo歌曲《救生圈》等共4首、耳熟能详的广告歌、电影插曲《再见─警察》(电影《无间道》插曲)等共13首。
教学建议
(1)老师先播放歌曲视频,让学生领悟这首歌的主题和内容,并可以邀请一些同学分享感受和看法,进行warming up。
(2)接着老师二次播放视频,让学生在看的过程中注意红色部分,并做笔记,思考语法规则和结构。
(3)老师请同学来分享一下记录内容,老师进行板书,接着老师呈现视频中的红色部分。
(4)接着进入语法呈现和讲解的教学环节。(根据歌词进行讲解和补充,呈现完整的语法结构和规则。)

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