direct虚拟语气(英语中虚拟语气的基本用法)

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direct虚拟语气(英语中虚拟语气的基本用法)

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本文目录

英语中虚拟语气的基本用法

  编者按:虚拟语气,表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。下面我就来带你一起学习下,希望对大家有帮助。

  1.虚拟语气的使用范围:

  虚拟语气,表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该英语语法主要用在if 条件状语从句中,也可以用在主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。

  2.虚拟语气的判断:

  (1)if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可实现的句子称为真实条件句,反之称为非真实条件句,则需使用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种:

  1) 与过去事实相反的假设。其结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如:

  If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we couldhaveplayedtennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨,我们就能玩网球了。

  2) 与现在事实相反的假设。其结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如:

  If I were in yourposition, I would marryher. 如果我是你,我就娶她为妻。

  3) 与将来事实相反的假设。其结构为:从句的谓语动词用“should (were to) + 动词原形”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如:

  If you should miss thechance, you would feel sorry for it. 如果你错过了这次机会,你会难过的。

  总结,主句should (would, could, might)分别加have + 过去分词、动词原形、动词原形,从句分别为had + 过去分词、系动词用were、should (were to) + 动词原形。

  (2)宾语从句中的虚拟语气。

  1) wish后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气:根据从句的意义来判断。

  A: 表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去时态。例如:

  I wish they were not solate. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。

  B: 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如:

  I wished he hadn’t done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。

  (2) 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。用于此结构的动词有:advise, direct,agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request,suggest等。从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,其中should 可以省去。例如:

  I insisted that he (should) gowith us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。

  注意:当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明,显示”时,不用虚拟语气。例如:

  He insisted that shewas honest. 他坚持认为她是诚实的。

  (3)主语从句中的虚拟语气。

  1) It be + 形容词 + that...(should)...。用于该句型的形容词有:necessary,good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange,surprising等。例如:

  It’s natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。

  2) It be + 过去分词 + that...(should)...。用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如: desired, suggested, requested,ordered, proposed等。例如:

  It is desired that thebuilding of the house be completed next month. 真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。

  3) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (过去时或should + 动词原形)...。例如:

  It is high time I wenthome now. = It is high time Ishould go home. 我该回家了。

  (4) 表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气。在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气,其谓语动词为:should + 动词原形,连接从句的that不能省略。例如:

  My suggestion is thatwe should go there at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。

  4. 省略形式。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。这时,如果出现not等否定词时需放在主语后面。例如:

  If she had been here five minutes earliershe would have seen her old friend. → Had shebeen here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分钟,她就会看见她的老朋友了。

  作者|丹丹英语

  公众号:英语语法学习

  本文为原创文章,版权归作者所有,未经授权不得转载!


虚拟语气是什么

虚拟语气
1) 概念
中文译作"虚拟语气"。它是一种动词形式,表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
2) 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
●虚拟语气的使用范围及判断
一、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
二、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。
三、“后退一步法”
后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是:
①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例:If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.
四、注意事项
①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序。
②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
●宾语从句中的虚拟语气
一、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气
wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气,按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意:与哪个事实相反,不能以主句的时态为判断依据,而是根据从句的意义判断。
二、表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。
注意:当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明,显示”时,不用虚拟语气。
The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
He insisted that he was honest.
三、would rather +从句
在这种结构中,从句的位于动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
I would rather you did this instead of me.
●主语从句中的虚拟语气
一、It be + 形容词 + that ...(should)...
用于该句型的形容词是:necessary, good, inportant, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising .
一些名词也可以用于 在该结构中。如:a pity, no wonder....
二、It be + 过去分词 + that ...(should)....
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如:desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。
三、It is time(about time, high time)that ...(过去式动词形式或should+动词原形)....
It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
●表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中,要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词应用:should+原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省略。
例:My suggestion is that weshould go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?

英语中哪些动词后要跟虚拟语气

insist(坚持)、order/ command(命令)、suggest/ advise/ propose(建议)、demand/ require/ ask/ desire(要求)后面跟虚拟语气。

例1:The examination instructor asked that the students(should)not use a calculator.考官要求学生不要使用计算器。

例2:The workers demanded that their wages(should)be raised by 10 percent.工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。

比较:动词 suggest和insist 后面的宾语从句,应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。

suggest作“建议”解时,用虚拟语气,作“使想起、暗示”解时,用陈述语

例:His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。(暗示)

例:He suggested that I(should)stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。(建议)

insist作“坚决要求”解时,用虚拟语气,作“坚持认为”解时,用陈述语气。

例:He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people’s health.他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。(强调)

例:He insists that he(should)do morming exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。(要求)

扩展资料

1、名词性从句中要用过去时或should+动词原型构成虚拟语气。如:It is time we went home.

2、wouldrather,hadrather后的从句动词用相当于陈述语气的过去时来表示现在或将来发生的动作。如:I would rather you went with her.我宁愿你跟她走。

只有当wouldrather后面动作的主体与前面主语一致时才可以用不带to的动词不定式,如:I’d rather take the important letter with me.在这个句子中,rather后面的主语为I,和前面的主语一致,所以用的不是过去式,而是不带to的动词不定式。

3、在itisimportant/suggested/necessary/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气表示应该做什么事情,即用动词原形或should+动词原型,如:It is important that you(should) be here on time.

4、词组but for相当于were it not for或had it not been for,表示一种含否定意义的条件,后面一般加名词或名词短语,如:He might have been killed but for the arrival of the police.要不是警察来了他本可能被杀死。

5、在某些表示祝愿的句子里需要用虚拟语气,如:May you be happy all your life!

虚拟语气的用法以及分类是什么

1. Be 式虚拟语气:建议, 命令或请求
这里所说的be式统指不带to的动词不定式,用于所有人称和时间。
正式文体中,在表示建议, 命令或请求的动词后,that从句的动词常常用这一形式,尤其是在美国英语中。
例如:(a—c).
英国英语很少这样用,往往要在前面加情态动词should (a)
a) He asked that they (should) be allowed to leave.
他请求准许他们离开。
b) I suggested that we meet outside by the fountain.
我建议我们在外面喷水池旁见面。
c) He urges that the restrictions be lifted.
他敦促取限制消
可以这样用的动词通常有:
advise, ask, beg, command, decree(命令), demand, direct (命令), insist, order, plead (恳求), propose, recommend (建议. 忠告), request(请求), require (要求, 命令), urge(极力主张), prefer等。
注意,这种用法也涉及与这些动词及其派生词有关联的那些结构中的that从句(d—f)
d) It is requested that he be told the truth as soon as possible. 要求尽早把真实情况告诉他。
e) My proposal is that the meeting be postponed till a later time. 我的提议是把会议推迟到以后再开。
f) Her advice that John (should) wait until next week is quite reasonable. 她劝约翰且等到下星期,这是合情合理的。
在 It is important that等表示必要性迫切性的句子中,that从句的动词也可用这种形式(g—i)。
E.g.
g) It is imperative that he (should) make a quick decision. 他必须尽快做出决定。
h) It is important that everybody get prepared beforehand. 人人都要事先准备好,这一点是很重要的。
i) It is necessary that he be sent there right now. 需要马上将他派往那儿。
可以这样用的形容词通常有:advisable(可取的明智的), desirable(合意的), essential (基本的必须的), imperative (急需的,必要的), important, necessary, obligatory (义不容辞的, 必须的), urgent(紧迫的), vital (至关重要的, 所必需的)等。
* 当其中的某些动词`用于别的意思时,that从句中的动词就不能用虚拟语气。例如:
His question suggested that he doubted my sincerity. 他的提问表明他怀疑我的诚意。
She insisted that she was innocent. 她坚持认为自己是清白的。
2. 用于lest状语从句
正式文体中,连词lest后的动词可用不带to的不定式,表示目的或理由 。
而在非正式文体中,则常在动词 前加情态动词should或might。
a) He ran away lest he (should/might) be seen。他怕被人家看见,跑开了。
b) I was afraid lest she (should) be offended。我惟恐把她给得罪了。
c) We worried lest the secret become known。我们担心秘密被泄漏。
3.Were式虚拟语气:虚拟条件句
这里所说的were式统指任何动词的过去时形式。
谈到事实上不存在或不大可能发生的事情时,用虚拟条件句。有三种情况:
1)谈论现在或将来的情况,if从句的动词用过去时,主句动词前用would (a-d)。
例如:
a) I’d hurry up if I were you. 要是换了我,我就会加紧。
b) If it were / was not raining now, I would go for a walk. 要是天没有下雨,我就去散步。
c) If I could afford it, I would buy a boat. 如果我的钱够,我就买条船。
d) If war broke out, what would you do? 如果战争爆发,你会怎么做?
2)谈论将来情况时,较正式的用法是if从句用should,主句可用would或will (e)。另一种方法是从句用were to,主句用would (f)。
E.g.
e) We wouldn’t / won’t lose courage if we should fail again.倘若我们再次失败我们也不会气馁。
f) If I were / was to do it, I would do it in a different way。如果我来做,我会用另一种方式。
3) 谈到过去没有发生过的事情时,if从句用过去完成时,主句用“would + have + 过去分词(g,h)。
E.g.
g) If you had told me about your problem, I would have helped you. 要是你早告诉我你的困难我会帮你的。
h) If it hadn’t been for your help, I really don’t know what I’d have done. 要是没有你的帮助,我真不知道会搞成什么样子。
注意,正式文体中,谈到现在或将来情况时,动词be在从句中都要用were。但在口语中,除了“if I were you”这种表达方式以外,主语为单数时也有用was的(b,f)。
4.. could,might或should在主句中的使用
虚拟条件句的主句中,一般加情态动词would,但有时也可用could,might或Should。
could表示能力或许可,意思相当于would be able to (a)。
E.g. a) If the roads weren’t so icy, we could go much faster.
要是路上没有那么多冰,我们可以走得快得多。
could加不定式的完成式表示本来能够做到的事没有做到(b)。
might/Could表示可能性或许诺,意思相当于would possibly (c)。
E.g. b) If my parents hadn’t been so poor, I could have gone to college.
如果我的父母不是那么穷,我本来是能够上大学的。
c) If you asked me nicely, I might/could take you out for lunch.
要是你好好求我,我可以带你出去吃午饭。
might/could加不定式的完成式表示本来也许会发生的事没有发生(d)
E.g. d) If he had made adequate preparations, he might/could have succeeded要是准备充分,他也许已成功。
should的意思与Would相同,用于I或we之后。
在美语中通常用would
E.g. :
e) I should be more careful if I were you。
f) I shouldn’t have done it if it hadn‘t been necessary.
5. 省略if
在正式文体或文学作品中,有时将条件从句中的if省略;同时把第一个动词置于主语之前(a-e)。只有在从句的第一个动词为should, were或had时才可以这样用。
要记住在这种时候只可用were, 不可用was (b,c)
E.g.
a) Should any visitors come, I would / will say you are not in. 如果有人来访,我就说你不在
b) Were it all true, it would still not excuse their actions.就算这全是真的,也不能原谅他们的行为。
c) Were anything to happen, I would return immediately. 是发生什么事,我立即回来。
d) Had we enough time, things would be easy. 我们有充足的时间,事情就好办了。
e) Had we known about it, I would have told you.要是我知道了这件事,我早就告诉你了。
6. 从句与主句时间或语气的不一致
在虚拟条件句里,主句和从句的时间通常是一致的,但有时出于意思的需
要也可能不一致。
多数情况是,条件从句讲的是过去的事情,主句讲的是现在的情况(a,b)。
a) If I had had breakfast, I would not be hungry now. 要是我吃了早饭,现在就不会饿了。
b) If he hadn’t spent so much money, he would be rich today. 如果他过去不大手大脚地花钱,今天就会很富裕了。
偶尔,也有可能条件从句讲的是通常情况,主句讲的是过去的事情(c)。
c) If he were a good student, he would have studied for the test. 如果他是个好学生,他早就会为考试复习好功课了。
有时说话人可能会在中途改变语气。如条件从句用虚拟语气(觉得可能性不大),而主句用了陈述语气(认为可能性较大)(d)。
d) He’s not bad-looking if his face were not so pale. 他并不难看,要是他的脸色不那么苍白的话。
主句还可以用祈使语气,用以提出请求(e)。
e) Should you change your mind, let us know. 要是你改变主意,就请告诉我们。
7. 没有if从句的虚拟条件句
虚拟条件句有时候不必用if从句,而是借用其他手段来表达假设条件。
最常见的是用介词短语,有时也用别的短语(a-d)。
E.g. a) I could do nothing without you.
要没有你,我什么也干不成。
b) But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要不是下暴雨,我们本该早一点到达。
c) We could have done better under more favorable conditions.
如果条件再有利一点,我们会做得更好。
d) She ran; otherwise, she would have missed her bus. 她奔跑着,要不然就赶不上公共汽车了。
e) It would be a mistake not to help him.要不帮助他,那将是个错误。
8.用于Wish和Would rather/Sooner后
动词wish后加that从句可以表达一种愿望,希望事情不是实际存在的那样。从句中that经常可省略。
如果指的是现在或将来的事情,从句中的动词用相应的过去形式(a-d)。
a) I wish I lived nearer New York.
b) I wish it wasn’t / weren’t so cold.
c) I envy you. I wish I was / were going away too.
d) I wish I could persuade her.
如果指的是过去的事情,从句中的动词用过去完成时(e,f)。
e) She wishes she hadn‘t said that.
她希望她没有说过那样的话。
f) I wish Mary could have come.
要是玛丽那时能来就好了。
从句中也可用would来提出要求,建议或希望,有时带有不满或不耐烦的意思(g,h)。
g) I wish you would shut up.
我希望你闭上嘴。
h) I wish he wouldn’t play his record so loudly.
我希望他不要把唱片放得那么响。
当wish为过去时的时候,从句动词的用法与wish为现在时的时候一样(i,j)
i) The inspector wished he carried a gun.
警官希望自己带了枪。
j) He wished he had phoned for a cab.
他希望他打过电话要出租车。
注意,纯粹希望将来如何的时候,不能用wish而要用hope。
如: I hope you like this house。我希望你喜欢这间房子。
I hope I’ll see you before you go.我希望在你走前能见到你。
9. . 用于if only后词组if only可用来表达强烈的愿望:
如果谈现时的情况用过去时(a—c);
a) If only I were rich. 但愿我很有钱。
b) If only I could swim! 我会游泳该多好!
c) If only he didn’t snore! 要是他不打鼾就好了!
如果提起过去的事情用过去完成时(d)。

if only还可与would连用表达愿望,这时常带有遗憾或不满的含义(e,f)。
d) If only he’d remembered to buy some fruit. 要是他当时记得买些水果来该多好。
e) If only he wouldn’t eat so noisily. 真希望他吃东西时不要发出那么响的声音。
f) If only it would stop raining! 真希望雨停!
这一结构也可用于虚拟条件句(g)。
g) If only I had more money, I could buy the new clothes. 要是我有更多的钱就好了,那我就可以买那些新衣服了。
要注意它与only(只有,只要)的区别,only if用陈述语气,常置于句首:Only if the green light comes on can you Cross the road.只有绿灯亮了才可以过马路。
10. 用于其他结构
词组it is (about/high) time (that)后可接一个用简单过去时的从句,以提出建议或忠告,意思是“该做某事了”或“早该做某事了”。
这时,它指的是现在或将来,而不是过去。
用作插入成分的词组as it were(=So to speak,可以说,在某种程度上)中,永远
要用were,不可用was。
注意它跟as it is (或was)(=in reality,实际上)的区别:
They agreed to buy the house as it is.看样子他们同意买那所房子。

用虚拟语气的词语 有哪些

一、insist

1、含义:vt. 坚持;坚决主张,vi. 坚持;强调。

2、用法

insist的基本意思是“坚持”,常用于坚持意见、看法、主张等。insist既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。作及物动词时,不能用名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语,只能接that引导的从句。

若指尚未发生的动作,从句谓语常用虚拟语气(should+动词原形或直接用动词原形);若表示一个已发生的动作或已存在的状态时,从句谓语多用陈述语气。that有时可以省略。

insist用作不及物动词时,其后常须加介词on〔upon〕,然后接名词、代词或动名词。该动名词前可加物主代词或名词、人称代词的宾格形式作其逻辑主语,该动名词的否定形式是在其前直接加not。

He insisted that he had done right.

他坚决认为自己做对了。

They insist that I stay there for supper.

他们坚决要求让我留下吃晚饭。

二、command 

1、含义:n. 命令;指挥;掌握; DOS命令 : 引用辅助命令处理器,v. 命令;指挥;掌握;博得。

2、用法

command用作动词是正式用语,表示“命令,要求”时,一般不用作进行时; 其后可接名词或代词作宾语,接带动词不定式的复合结构和that从句时,从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟式,即“(should+)动词原形”。command在书面语体中可以引出直接引语,作“命令道”或“用命令的口气说道”解。

He growled a command to her to stop.

他咆哮着命令她停下来。

The company commander roared his command.

连长高声发布命令。

三、suggest

1、含义:vt. 建议;暗示;使想起;表明;要求。

2、用法

suggest的基本意思是“建议”“提议”,还可表示“暗示,表明”“使想起”等。suggest作“建议”“提议”解后接that从句作宾语时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式; 作“表明,暗示”“使想起”等解时,从句中的谓语动词可用陈述式。

I suggested going for a walk.

我建议去散步。

I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.

我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。

四、propose

1、含义:v. 打算;计划;向 ... 提议;求婚;提名。

2、用法

propose的基本意思是“提议,建议”,多指在讨论或争辩中提出明确的意见或建议,强调要求对方予以考虑或同意。引申可表示“打算,计划(做某事)”。可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或从句作宾语。后接从句时,从句要用虚拟语气。

I propose an early start tomorrow morning.

我打算明天早上早点出发。

He proposed to buy and run a farm.

他计划购买并经营一个农场。

五、require

1、含义:v. 要求;需要;命令;规定。

2、用法

require接含有被动意义的非谓语动词时,不定式表示被动结构,而动名词表示主动结构; require接that从句时从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式。

The director required that we should work all night.

主任要求我们通宵工作。

We must not propagate one method and require all localities to adopt it.

我们在宣传上不要只讲一种办法,要求各地都照着去做。

虚拟语气具体用法的讲解

语法教学材料:虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示,下面对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法分别介绍。
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句。
表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would(should, could, might)+动词原形。”例如:
If I were you, I should studay English.
If he had time, he would attend the meeting.
表示与过去的事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had +过去分词”,主句中的谓语动词用“would(should, could, might)+have +过去分词”。例如:
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.
表示与将来事实相反的假设时,条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词怀“表示与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语动词相同,或者条件从句中用“were to(should)+动词原形”。例如:
If you come tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如:
If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.
(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在.)
5.以上句型可以转换成下列形式:
1)省略if,用“were, have, should +主语”. 例如:
Were I in school again, I would work harder.
Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.
Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.
但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式,如我们可以说:
Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy.
但不能说
Weren’t it for the expense, I would go to Italy.
2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句.例如:
Without air, there would be on living things.
But for your help, I couldn’t have done it.
3)用其了方式表示.例如:
It would produce had results to do that.
= If you have done that, it would produce bad results.
(二)虚拟语气用于宾语从句
“wish +宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可惜……”. “……就好了”, “悔不该……”, “但愿……”等.
表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would(could) +动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望时用“had +过去分词”或“(could)would +have +过去分词”.例如:
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish you could go with us.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
虚拟语气在动词arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest,等后面的宾主从句中用“(should)+动词原形”.例如:
We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
He demanded that we (should) start right away.
注意:insist作“力言”, “强调”解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气,只有当insist作 “坚持(认为)”, “坚持(应该)”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气.例如:
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
(三)虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”.例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for
sightseeing.
My idea is that we (should) exercises first.
(四)虚拟语气在 as if(as though),even if( even though)等引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用.
如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时,指现在状况,则用过去时,指将来则用过去将来时.例如:
He looked as if he were an artist.
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.
Even if he were here,he could not solve the problem.
(五)虚拟语气用于主语从句.
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“ should 十动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等.例如:
It is necessary( important,natural,strange,etc) that … we should clean
the room every day.
It was a pity ( a shame,no wonder,etc) that you should be so careless.
It will be desired( suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc)
that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
在上述三种主语从句中,should意为“应该”,“竟然”,可以省去,但不可换用would.主句所用动词的时态不限.
注意:这种从句表示的是事实.如果说话人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就可用虚拟语气.反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感.That从句也可用陈述语气,例如:
It is a strange that he did not come yesterday.
It is a pity that you can’t swim.
(六)虚拟语气用于定语从句
这种从句常用在 It is( high) time( that)…句型中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式,或 should十动词原形( should不能省略,be用 were)来表示,意为“(现在)该……”。例如:
It is ( high) time we left (should leave).
lt is high time we were going.
(七)虚拟语气用于 if only引导的感叹句中
If only I had taken his advice.
我要是听他的话就好了.
If only I were a bird.我如果是一只鸟就好了.
(八)虚拟语气在简单句中的应用
l)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中,例如:
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
Would you be kind enough to open the door?
2)用于一些习惯表达法中,例如:
Would you like a cup of tea?
I would rather not tell you. You had better go now. 3)用“ may 十动词原形”表示“祝愿”、“但愿”. may须置于句首,例如:May you be happy! May you succeed!
虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测, 建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
                     
  If I were you, I’d take them away.
                     
  如果我是你的话,我就会带走他们。
                     
  If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.
                     
  如果我碰见了李华,我就告诉了他了。
                     
  If I had time. I could come to help you.
                     
  如果我有时间,我会来帮助你的。
                     
  He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.
                     
  他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
                     
  He speaks to us as if he had been there.
                     
  他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
                     
  虚拟语气的用法
                     
  1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令。
                     
  May you be happy.
                     
  祝你幸福。
                     
  May you have a good time.
                     
  祝愿你玩的痛快。
                     
  May the friendship between us last long.
                     
  祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
                     
  Have a good journey!
                     
  祝愿你旅途愉快!
                     
  You go out!
                     
  你出去!
                     
  2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气, 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望,要求。
                     
  I wish she would be on my side.
                     
  我希望她能站在我一边。
                     
  I wish I could help him.
                     
  我希望我能帮助他。
                     
  He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
                     
  他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
                     
  动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略。
                     
  The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
                     
  老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
                     
  He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
                     
  他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
                     
  3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
                     
  在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形
                     
  It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.
                     
  我们有必要出去散散步。
                     
  It’s natural that she should do so.
                     
  她这样做是很自然的。
                     
  It’s important that we should take good care of the patient.
                     
  重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
                     
  4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
                     
  虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在,过去和将来。
                     
  与现在事实相反的:
                     
  条件从句 结果从句                   
  If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。
                     
  与过去事实相反的:
                     
  条件从句 结果从句                   
  If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。
                     
  If I were you, I should buy it.
                     
  如果我是你,我就买了它。
                     
  If I had time, I would study French.
                     
  如果我有时间,我会学习法语的。
                     
  If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.
                     
  如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的。
                     
  If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
                     
  如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的。
                     
  If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.
                     
  如果明天天气好,我就去买东西。
                     
  有关虚拟语气的几个问题:
                     
  1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if,而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。
                     
  Were she younger, she would do it .
                     
  如果她年青点, 她就会干的。
                     
  Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.
                     
  如果他知道她的地址,他会去看她的。
                     
  2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
                     
  I could help you.
                     
  我本来可以帮助你。
                     
  If I had time.
                     
  我要有时间该多好啊。
                     
  She should have come to the party.
                     
  她应该来参加聚会。
                     
  If he had much more money.
                     
  如果他有更多的钱就能...。
                     
  3) 虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
                     
  If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
                     
  如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。
                     
  If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn’t do it much better like this.
                     
  如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。
虚拟语气
back
一、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
二、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
  判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
  判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:
1与过去事实相反。
2与现在事实相反。
3与将来事实可能相反。
三、“后退一步法”
  后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。
也就是:
1 与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
2 与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
3 与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 
 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out.
三、would rather +从句
在这种结构中,从句的位于动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
  I would rather you did this instead of me
 
四 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest 后的从句
其从句谓语的动词应用:should+原形动词

求高中英语虚拟语气讲解~!!!

★ 高考英语虚拟语气专题讲座★
★
★
★ 语气是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,疑问语气,虚拟语气。
虚拟语气定义:虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假设或建议等。
虚拟语气的学习重点:
1. 虚拟语气的在条件句中的基本用法和四个基本情态动词的用法。
2. 虚拟语气的倒装。(if省略,条件句中中有had, should, were)。
3. 两种错综虚拟语气。
4. 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。
5. 过去的计划,打算,愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气。
6. 特殊句型中的虚拟语气:两个。重点为wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气及as if和as though从句中虚拟语气的表示法。
7. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用。即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的名词性从句。
8. 不清惜条件的虚拟语气。
★★★虚拟语气在条件句中的用法列表如下:
相关时态 主句形式 从句形式 例句
与现在事实相反 Should\would\could\might+do(动词原形) 过去式(be动词各人称都用were) If I were you, I should \would make full use of my time to study.
与过去事实相反 Should\would\could\might+have done(动词过去分词) Had+done(过去分词) If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
与将来事实相反 Should\would\could\might+do(动词原形) 1. 过去式(be动词各人称都用were)
2. should+动词原形
3. were to +动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.
★★★注意四个情态动词的用法:
1. 若表示在某一假设的条件下,必然而然就会发生某事,第一人称可用should或would, 而二、三人称只用would.
2. 若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事,各人称都用could.
3. 如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事,各人称都用might.
★★★虚拟语气倒装
请看典型考题:__________ your address,I would have written to you.
A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know
此题应选 C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should,could等动词时,可以将if省略,然后将 were,had,should,could 等词移至句首:
1. If he should fail,he would kill himself. →Should he fail,he would kill himself. 万一失败,他就会自杀。
2. If I were you,I would do it at once. →Were I you,I would do it at once. 假若我是你,我就会马上做。
3. If I could do it,I would. →Could I do it,I would. 要是我能做此事,我一定会做。
4. If he had seen you yesterday,he would haveasked you about it.
→Had he seen you yesterday,he would haveasked you about it. 他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。
注意:顺便说一句,以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词,如果是实义动词也可倒装:
5. If he had money,he would buy a car. Had he money,he would buy a car. 他要是有钱,他就会买一辆小车。
将下列倒装句恢复正常:
a. Were it not for the fact that you are ill, I would give you a good beating.
要不是因为你有病这一事实,我就会狠揍你一顿。
b. Had he asked me, I would have given him my advice.要是他请求我的话,我就会给他建议的。
c. Were it to snow tomorrow, the hunter would not go hunting.万一明天下雪,猎人就不去打猎了。
★★★错综虚拟语气
How I wish I had studied harder when I was in school!
If you had, you ____ work into late every day nowadays.
A. don’t B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. won’t
“要是我在校时能够更加努力地学习,那该多好啊!”“要是你当时努力学习的话,你现在就不会每天都工作那么晚了。”根据句意,条件与过去事实相反,而主句与现在事实相反。
常见的两种错综虚拟语气:
1.从句与过去事实相反相成,而主句与现在事实相反。例如:
If you had not been strict with me when I was young, I could not be such a successful person now.如果我年轻时你没有对我严格要求的话,我现在就不可能是这么成功的一个人。(这种虚拟语气的特点是主句中常含有时间准状语now 或nowadays)
2. Should anyone come and ask for me, tell them I will come back tomorrow.万一有人来找我,告诉他们我明天回来。(主句为祈使句,条件句与将来事实相反,表示说话人认为某件事情发生的可能性很小。)
★★★含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。这类用法主要见于以下七种方式:
1. 将条件隐含在不定式短语中。
I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去,我将很高兴。(=I should be happy if I could go with you.)
To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些,你早就考及格了。(=if you have studied harder, you…)
2. 将条件隐含在分词短语中。
Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代,他早就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he …)
Failing this time, what would you do? 假若这次失败,那你怎么办?(=If you failed this time, what…)
Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中走,玛丽会感十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she…)
3. 将条件隐含在介词短语中。
Without air, no one could live. 没有空气,人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.)
But for his help, he would have failed. 要不是有他的帮助,他就会失败了。(=If it hadn’t been for his help, he would have failed.)
常用的介词或介词短语,如but for, but that, without, in case of, under, under more favorable condition等。
4. 将条件隐含在名词短语中。
A true friend would not have betrayed me.
若是真正的朋友,就不会背弃我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would…)
A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer.
要是你早来几个小时,你就见到这位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you…)
5. 将条件隐含在某些连词(如or, or else, otherwise等)中:
具体用法如下:它们后的句子如果说的不是客观事实,它们前边的句子采用陈述语气,后边的句子采用虚拟语气。
○1 句子(一般现在时)+ or, or else, otherwise + 句子(谓语部分:should\would\could\might等+ 动词原形)
○2 句子(一般过去时)+ or, or else, otherwise + 句子(谓语部分:should\would\could\might等+ have done)
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him.
我不知道他是个骗子,不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat))
I’m really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.
我真的是太忙了,不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy))
6. 将条件隐含在定语从句中。
Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.
凡是看过那画的人,都可能把它看成是照片。(=If anyone had seen that painting…)
7. 将条件隐含在一定的上下文中。
Don’t bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.
不要费事看所有这些文件了,那会花太多时间。(=…If you read all these papers, it would take too long)
常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段连词如:so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……),for fear that(惟恐) , on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。
(注:lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形,但可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如:
★ The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him.这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.
在使用此法时要小心谨慎,以免会发生溢流现象。
★★★过去的计划打算愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气
1. 表过去愿望未曾实现时,常用would like to have done sth. 或would have liked to do sth.(前者常用)
I would like to have gone to the celebration, but I couldn’t get away. 我本来想参加庆祝会,但未能脱开身。
2. 表示过去本来该干某事但没有干时,用should\ought to have done sth. 若表示本来不该干但却干了某事时,用should not\ought not to have done sth.
The criminal should have told the truth, but he refused to. 那罪犯本来应该说出实情,但他不肯说。
3. 表示过去本来有能力干某事,但未能干成时用could have done sth.
I could have lent you the money, but you did not turn to me for help. 我本来能借给你那笔钱,但你没有向我求助。
4. 表示过去本来有可能干某事,但未能干成时用might have done sth.
You might have been chosen, but you gave up the chance. 你本来有可能被选上的,但你放弃了那个机会。
5. 表示过去本来愿意干某事,但未能干成时用would have done sth.
The cook would have helped you, but his wife stopped him. 那厨师本来愿意帮助你,但他妻子制止了他。
6. hope, want, expect, plan等动词表示过去愿望、计划、打算等未曾实现时,把谓语动词用成过去完成时或把它们后面的不定式用成完成式。
I had hoped to become a poet, but I turned teacher instead. 我本希望当个诗人,但我却当了老师。
I hoped to have become a poet, but I turned teacher instead.
My playmate hoped to have entered a key university last year, but his wish didn’t come true.
我的伙伴本打算进入一个重点大学,但他的梦想没能实现。
7. be to do sth.句型表示过去计划安排未曾实现时,用was\ were to have done sth结构.
The European tourists were to have arrived by ten, but they were caught in a shower and delayed.
那些欧洲的游客本来10点到达,但他们遇上了阵雨,被推迟了。
The building was to have been completed by the end of last month, but the plan failed.
这栋楼本来计划上个月底建完,但计划失败了。
8. be going to句型表过去个人打算未曾实现时,用was\were going to结构。
--Did you go to the museum yesterday?
--No, I was going to, but something urgent happened at the last moment.
你昨天到博物馆去了吗? 我本来打算去,但在最后的片刻发生了紧急的事情。
I was going to meet you at the station, but I had to work extra hours writing a report for my boss.
我本来打算去车站见你,但我不得不在工作几个小时给我老板写份报告。
★★★虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用:
(一) 主语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is +形容词/某些动词的过去分词+主语从句的结构中,从句的谓语动词须用动词原形或 should +do的形式。这些类型包括:
1、It’s important…类 形容词
这一类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型。如:
It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去。
It is necessary that I should return it right now. 我有必要马上把它还回去。
It is important that we should speah politely. 我们说话要有礼貌,这是很重要的。
It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist. 没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。
It is imperative that we should practise critidsm and self-criticism. 应当进行批评与自我批评。
2、It’s a pity…类 名词
It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差,真可怜。
It’s a pity that he should be so obstinate. 真遗憾他竟这样倔犟。
It was a pity that you couldn’t come. 你不能来,真是太遗憾了。
It is a pity that she failed the driving examination. 她没通过驾驶考试真是遗憾。
It is his desire that a medical man should stay here. 他希望有一个医务人员留在这里。
3、It’s desired…类 某些动词的过去分词
这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that...句型。如:
It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决。
It is settled that you leave us, then? 那么你肯定要离开我们罗?
It was proposed that this matter be considered at the next meeting. 有人提议这事下次会议再讨论。
★ It is desired that this rule should be brought to the attention of the staff. 希望这条规则引起全体职员的注意。
【特别说明】
(1) 在现代英语中,有时也可不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气,但初学者宜慎用。
(2) 在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised (sorry) 和I regret等结构后的that 从句中有时也用should,表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感,常含有“竟然”之意:
It’s strange that he should be so rude. 他竟如此无礼,真是奇怪。
I’m surprised that he should have failed. 他竟然失败了,这使我很吃惊。
若不用虚拟语气也可以,则不带感情 色彩,比较:
It’s a pity that he failed the exam. 他考试没及格,真是遗憾。
It’s a pity that he should have failed the exam. 他考试竟没及格,真是遗憾。
decided(决定的)、 important(重要的)、 ordered(命令的)、 advisable(合理的)、
demanded(要求的) desire(期望的)、 desirable(合乎需要的)、 essential(紧要的)、
insistent(坚持的)、 natural(自然的)、 preferabl(更可取的)、 proposed(建议的)、
recommended(推荐的)、required(要求的)、 urgent(紧迫的)、 vital(极其重要的)
appropriate(适当的)、 arranged(安排好的)、 better(较好的)、 imperative(迫切的)、
possible(可能的)、 probable(可能的)、 resolved(决心的)、 strange(奇怪的)、
suggested(建议的)
It is highly desirable that a new mayor be appointed for this city.这座城市急需任命一位新市长。
(二)宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型
1、I wish后的宾语从句 ( 略)
We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come. 我希望火车会来。
2、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句
主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如:
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He insisted that I (should) go with them. 他坚持要我同他们一起去。
Rose insisted that he be present. 罗斯坚持要他出席。
The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看。
注意:动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。比较:
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
3、表示“命令”后的宾语从句
主要是指order, command的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如:
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
Thejudge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。
The King ordered that the man be released. 国王命令释放那人。
He commanded that we (should) attack at once. 他命令我们立即发起进攻。
4、表示“建议”后的宾语从句
主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如:
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。
They recommend that this tax be abolished. 他们建议取消这种税。
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
The committee proposed (that) Mr. Day be elected. 委员会建议推选戴先生。
The doctor advised that he (should) not smoke. 医生建议他不要抽烟。
I propose that the matter be put to the vote at once. 我提议对此问题立刻进行表决。
He proposed that Mr. O’Leary be the chairman. 他提议奥列利先生担任主席。
She suggested that I (should) be responsible for the arrangements. 她建议我来负责进行安排。
注意:与动词insist相似,动词suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别也是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会:
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
5、表示“要求”后的宾语从句
9、表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美语中通常省略。
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
They intended that the news (should) be suppressed. 他们打算封锁这条消息。
I desire the patient should have a bath every day. 我希望病人每天洗澡。
10、表示“指示”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
(三)表语从句和同位语从句
有些名词引起的表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词须用动词原形或should +do的形式。
这些名词包括:
advice(忠告)、 decision(决定)、 demand(要求)、 desire(渴望)、 idea(想法)、
motion(提议)、 necessity(必要性)、 order(命令)、 plan(计划)、 preference(偏爱)、
proposal(建议)、 recommendation(推荐)、requirement(要求)、suggestion(建议)等。
例句13:His proposal is that we turn off TVfor half an hour every day.他建议我们每天少看半个小时的电视。
特别提示:从以上的各类从句中我们可以得到以下的推论,即当一个动词后面的宾语从句中要使用(should)+do的虚拟语气形式时,则可推理出用法相同的一组从句。以动词advise为例:
(1)I advise that we stay and wait here.(动词后的宾语从句)
(2)It is advised that we stay here.(It is +动词的过去分词+that引导的主语从句)
(3)It is advisable that we stay here.(It is +由该动词转换的形容词+that引导的主语从句)
(4)My advice is that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后的表语从句)
(5)I offered the advice that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后的同位语从句)
(6)I think it advisable that we stay here.(由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气)
以上六类从句中所使用的都为(should)+do的虚拟语气形式。
★★★wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气
一. Wish本身为现在时,后面得宾语从句如果与现在存在状态相反的愿望,从句中谓语动词采用过去时或过去进行时,遇到be动词时各人称都用were.
二. Wish本身为过去时,后面得宾语从句如果与过去存在状态相反,从句中谓语动词采用过去时,遇到be动词时各人称都用were.
三. 凡发生在谓语(wish)以前的动作,从句中的虚拟语气谓语的结构形式是过去完成时, 即had+动词过去分词或would \ could + have done。
四. 凡发生在谓语(wish)以后的动作,从句中的虚拟语气谓语的结构形式是过去将来时,即(would +动词原形),如果用到情态动词can,各人称都用could.
五. I wish + 从句的结构还可以转换成if only+ 从句结构。If only后也要采用虚拟语气,其构成及意思与I wish + 从句完全一样。
六.从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,而与wish的时态无关,比较:
I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。 (与现在相反)1
I wish I were better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。 (与现在相反)1
I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。 (与过去相反)2
I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。 (与过去相反)3
She wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。 (与过去相反)3
I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。 (与将来相反)4
I wish you wouldn’t look down on this kind of work. 我希望你不要看不起这种工作。 (与将来相反)4
I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more. 我希望你不再抽烟了。 (与将来相反)4
I wish you would be more respectful to your father. 我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。 (与将来相反)4
I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。 (与将来相反)4
If only I were you.= I wish I were you. 我要是你就好了。 (与现在相反)5
★★★虚拟语气的几个特殊句型:
★★★would rather后句子用虚拟语气:would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,具体用法为:
1.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
I’d rather you came next Saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。
I’d rather you were happy. 我愿你快乐。
I’d rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。
I’d rather Jack left on an earlier train. 我宁愿杰克乘前一班火车走。
You always go without me and l’d rather you didn’t. 你总是不带我去,我可不愿意你这样。
“Shall I open the window? ” “I’d rather you didn’t. ”“我要不要把窗子打开? ” “我看不要打开好。”
2. 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
I’d rather you hadn’t done that. 我宁愿你没这样做。
l’d rather you had been / hadn’t been present。我 (宁) 愿你当时在场 / 不在场。
l’d rather he had told / hadn’t told me about it 我 (宁) 愿他告诉了 / 未告诉我这件事。
Katie went by car and I’d rather she hadn’t. 凯蒂是坐汽车去的,我宁愿地不坐汽车去。

英语语法:那些单词后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气

一、I wish后的宾语从句
二、表示“坚持”,主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
三、表示“命令”,主要是指order, command的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
四、表示“建议”,主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
五、表示“要求”,主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
六、表示“提议”“投票",主要是指move, vote等后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
七、表示“敦促”,主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
八、表示“安排”,主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
九、表示“希望”“打算”,主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
十、表示“指示”,主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。

文章分享结束,direct虚拟语气和英语中虚拟语气的基本用法的答案你都知道了吗?欢迎再次光临本站哦!

direct虚拟语气(英语中虚拟语气的基本用法)

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